In 1932, Great depression occurred in America and the country was flooded by needy. But the economy policy of Republican party was not change at all and they stick to the existing policy. But the democratic government pledge to deal with great depression by projecting new deal policy. After Democratic government inititate new deal policy, and economy has been improved a lot and they could save many needy. So they could create job opportunity, the approval rate of democratic party skyrocketing to the 60%. African Americans and white low class combined with other low class people. And all of them support democratic party. But in 1936 the approval rate of democrats are decrease more than 25%. Why the 25% of democrats turn to the republican party. Psycological perspective and rational perspectives are struggling with this issue.

Psycological perspective considerate party identificaiton as a important voting determinant and it is rarely changed. It’s point of view is that they were just come back to their own identity. So they said that the peoples who supported the democratic party between 1932 and 1936 were Republican originally. But they turn to the democratic party temporary and they come back to where they were.But Rational perspective believes that the expected utility is very important voting determinant. Rational perspective is that another factor influence them to turn to Rep and they respond to it rationally. They said that some kind of incident like economic depression take place and it lead to the decrease of democratic approval rate. They believe that the electorate are moving according to the expected utility.

    If the psycological perspective theory is true, the magnitude and speed that the party identification can be transformed is slow and gradual. So long term realignment is take place in 1936, it is also progressing now. But if we regard the approval rate of democrats in 1932 as the stream of long-term realignment, The theory cannot explain how the radically rasied approval rate in 1932 take place. It also cannot explain realignment. If the rational perspective is true, it proves that the expected utility is important voting determinant. And expected utility might be the cause of realignment. We can know it from radical graph of approval rate of democratic party. But it cannot explain the stable and gradual movement of republican party approval rate graph.